Effects Of Social Networking

Networking basically means putting up or coming up with a viable social system that when implemented will generate new value-adding social relationships of likeminded persons who seek to make a competitive niche for themselves in the work environment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects Of Social Networking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Networking in a nutshell works in the same principal just like how computer networking works where a set of computers are linked together to a joint server system. In our case we are more interested in networking as a form of increasing one’s power, this means the main focus lies in networking as a social capital. Social capital refers to the value of having social relationships in respect to cooperation as a means of getting confidence to pursue collective economic results. For a person or a firm to be able to effectively cover a wider scope in form of market base w ithout having a substantial capital base, then social networking becomes the next best alternative. An effective social networking strategy can empower a person in a number of ways. To begin with, networking ensures that a specific subject gains valuable connections with the right people in the industry that he or she intends to work after clearing with formal education. For instance, a person who is interested in working with the banking industry can enhance his or her chances of working in such an industry by ensuring that he relates effectively with the people who have major influences in the decision making process of the banking industry. This way, a person ensures that his or her chances to gain a rewarding employment opportunity in the desired industry are enhanced. Networking also enhances a person’s power by ensuring that the confidence of the said person is boosted by the virtue of his working with people of great repute in an industry (Aydogan Yiu, 2008). As noted by (Castiglione, Deth Guglielmo, 2008) people learn new skills through relevant interaction which ensures that there is a continuous transfer of knowledge from one experienced party to the lesser experienced party. This continuous transfer of knowledge ensures that a person’s worth is enriched thus empowering him or her.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the new era of technological based social networking, social capital can be enhanced by ensuring that one contributes to relevant social forums such as e-boards that are in the relevant area of specialization (Steinfield, Ellisona Lampe, 2008). This strategy can be an efficient form of expanding networks as one can get to know many actors in a field of interest. If the quality of the information sent is excellent, then the contributors tend to recognize one’s efforts, which can be beneficial in the proce ss of enhancing a person’s social network. References Aydogan. N. Yiu P., C. (2008). Social capital and business development in high- technology clusters: an analysis of contemporary U.S. agglomerations. Springer Castiglione, D., Deth J, W., Guglielmo. W, (2008). The handbook of social capital. New York: Oxford University Press Steinfield, C., Ellisona N., B. Lampe, C. (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 29(6). 2008. Pp. 434-445. This essay on Effects Of Social Networking was written and submitted by user Maliyah K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Strong Electrolyte Definition and Examples

Strong Electrolyte Definition and Examples A strong electrolyte is a solute or solution that is an electrolyte that completely dissociates in solution. The solution will contain only ions and no molecules of the electrolyte. Strong electrolytes are good conductors of electricity, but only in aqueous solutions or in molten form. The comparative strength of an electrolyte may be gauged using a galvanic cell. The stronger the electrolyte, the greater the voltage produced. Strong Electrolyte Chemical Equation The dissociation of a strong electrolyte is apparent by its reaction arrow, which only points toward products. In contrast, the reaction arrow of a weak electrolyte points in both directions. The general form of the strong electrolyte equation is: strong electrolyte (aq)  Ã¢â€ â€™ cation (aq) anion- (aq) Strong Electrolyte Examples Strong acids, strong bases, and ionic salts that are not weak acids or bases are strong electrolytes. Salts much have high solubility in the solvent to act as strong electrolytes. HCl (hydrochloric acid), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and KOH (potassium hydroxide) are all strong electrolytes.

The Rule of St. Benedict and Beowulf books Essay

The Rule of St. Benedict and Beowulf books - Essay Example The Rule of St. Benedict was written at a time when the world was ravaged by great political and economic upheaval brought about by warfare. It was during this time that there was immense chaos and hardship and there was no integrated community whatsoever. Even the monks and hermits spent their lives in tiny cells, huts or caves with self imposed hard rigor. Most of them lived on bread-crusts, indulged in self-flagellation for decades together. Saint Benedict understood that such living was not healthy for community living and therefore revolutionized the existing rules to make life much better. The most important thing he did was to allocate specific time for different activities. He divided the Pg. 2 day by setting aside time for work, prayer, study, relaxation and sleep respectively. This arrangement was rather innovative and well accepted all around since it made life much easier to lead even while creating a good community atmosphere by bringing about order in their daily lives. An ideal ruler always wants the best for his subjects and considering the masterpiece he offered his subjects, there is no doubt that St. Benedict could be called an ideal ruler because he had the good of his people at heart. As a good ruler he was responsible for bringing about peace and harmony through community life by releasing his people from the bondage of hardship and chaos. Even though Benedict was a monk himself, he was not a rigid taskmaster who penalized his subjects. In fact, in his book he states that these rules were ‘nothing harsh, nothing burdensome.’ (St. Benedict ( 1998) On the other hand, he was a concerned leader who wanted to bring about order and peace in his environment. Benedict’s rule is an integral and invaluable guide to us in this contemporary society because it forms the basis of order and structure in our daily lives. Benedict’s vision of order was aimed at bringing people much closer to God. According to Benedict, all indivi duals are equal before God and therefore equality within a community lays the foundation for spirituality and drawing people closer to the Divine. Benedict’s rules have great significance and Pg. 3 relevance in today’s society as it continues to help us maintain order and discipline in our lives. Beowulf is in sharp contrast to ‘The Rule of St. Benedict’ because it is a narrative that comprises of both fact and fiction. It is a mixture of images of people and creatures who are less human and comprises of both comedy and tragedy. Written in the early part of the tenth century A.D. Beowulf is one of the oldest epics in British literature that has managed to survive. Presently a house timber British library in London, Beowulf describes the interesting adventures of a well known Scandinavian warrior belonging to the 6th century. While ‘The Rule of St. Benedict’ is based on factual evidence of real people within a real environment, ‘Beowulfâ €™ is based on fact as well as fiction to express the thoughts and ideas of its author. Throughout the narrative, the author speaks of the descendants of each warrior, the conquests they fought and the manner in which they lost their lives, but constantly keeps close proximity with the Divine and expressing that God is ever present and is a solace and guide to mankind. One such warrior was Shield who though was an orphan, put an end to many enemies and took care of his people like a good king. This idea of a good king is

SHORT STORY, EXPOSITORY STYLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SHORT STORY, EXPOSITORY STYLE - Essay Example reater good of the child realize that though there are constitutional guarantees for equality men seems to be less equal than women in this perspective. During the divorce process, the father has to undergo child custody evaluation at which point he learns that the daily access to rear the child is shared or fully impeded. The father has to take immense efforts to convince the custody evaluator by pointing out the reasons why he is good as a custodial parent. The evaluation is a questionable process because it can be either rational or fair since evaluation is carried out without any benchmarks or standardized testing. It is even more difficult for fathers to be a custodial parent because the mother is usually given custody in the best interest of the child. According to Old Bureau of Census statistics the proportions at which the father and mother obtained to be the custodial parents in the early 90’s stood at 1:90, while 9% of the kids were assigned to the care of family members.. Though custody evaluations takes place, the evaluators conclude with an expected judgment which usually favors the mother to be the custodial parent because the child has been raised by the mother and she would be able to offer a more stable life. This leads to a reason that a father is disqualified for custody because they do not spend much time with the kids since they were working. But this should not be a reason to penalize men (Hughson, D). Court orders are sometimes biased even if the evaluation process finds the father to be most suitable custodial parent. On the social front, children who grow up without a father at home is at an increased risk of transforming into a criminal in the society. Children are also likely to drop out of school, indulge in drug abuse, commit suicide or get pregnant. Therefore gender bias towards fathers in gaining custody must undergo a change (Child Custody and Support). Fathers are back lashed when it comes to the custody of the child because

Delusional Disorders Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Delusional Disorders - Research Paper Example DD is also known as psychosis or paranoid disorder and persists for at least one month (Bustillo, 2008). DD may be related to the patient’s life history or his experiences in the past and is seen in elder people normally who combine it with auditory hallucinations. However, DD patients do not show any abnormal or bizarre behavior when they socialize. DD is of various types depending upon the kind of delusions being experienced by the patient. According to the Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders (2010), these types include Erotomanic (the patient has the delusion that someone famous is in love with him which may cause the patient to stalk him); Grandiose (the patient thinks that he has great abilities that make him better than others); Jealous (the patient thinks that his partner is betraying him); Persecutory (where the person thinks that he is being spied or harrassed); Somatic (the patiemt thinks that he has some physical abnormality); and, Mixed (the patient may show multiple types of DD). Research has shown that DD patients do not act strange or weird when they are being social, and this is what makes this disorder different from other psychotic disorders (Schultz & Videbeck, 2008, p. 174). Unless the patient himself discusses the problem with the healthcare professionals, it is very difficult to tell whether a person is suffering from DD or not. However, the patient is apt to make choices and decisions depending on his delusions which he may not make otherwise. For example, if he believes that his spouse is betraying him, he may choose not expand his family which is a choice he would not have made otherwise. Another reason why DD are not obvious is that a DD patient sometimes holds so strong opinion that he does not even think that he is wrong in believing what he think is true no matter how troubled he feels about the situation (Sedler, 1995). Instead of detecting

A Study Of The Indian Food Processing Industry

A Study Of The Indian Food Processing Industry Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been considered one of the driving forces of modern economies due to their multifaceted contributions in terms of technological innovations, employment generation, export promotion, etc. Of these, the ability of SMEs to innovate assumes significance because innovation lends competitive edge to firms, industries and ultimately, economies. Therefore, technological innovation has the potential to spur growth of individual enterprises at the micro level and aggregate industries and economies at the macro level. Given the above, this paper attempts to understand issues such as what factors drive SMEs to innovate, what is the nature of SME innovations, what the achievements of SME innovations are and what the outcomes of these achievements are. Overall, this paper attempts to address the question: does SME innovation facilitate the growth of firm size? This question has been probed in the context of SMEs in Sunrise Sector of our economy. This paper probes the drivers, dimensions, achievements, and outcomes of technological innovations carried out by SMEs in the food processing industries in India. The Food Industry is divided into organized and unorganized wherein the maximum contribution is made by small and unorganized. Hence the focus of the study will be organized food processing sector. The research methodology is empirical study for this the evidences will be collected, in the form of case studies as evidences, through secondary data. Further, it ascertains the growth rates of innovative SMEs in comparison to non- innovative SMEs in terms of sales turnover, employment, and investment. The study will confirm that the Innovative SMEs have shown better and sustained growth. Keywords: Technological Innovations, Sales Growth, Organized Food Processing, Agriculture. Introduction Innovation is a new way of doing something or new stuff that is made useful. It may refer to incremental an emergent or radical and revolutionary changes in thinking, products, processes, or organizations. Following Schumpeter (1934), contributors to the scholarly literature on innovation typically distinguish between invention, an idea made manifest, and innovation, ideas applied successfully in practice. In many fields, such as the arts, economics and government policy, something new must be substantially different to be innovative. In economics the change must increase value, customer value, or producer value. The goal of innovation is positive change, to make someone or something better. Innovation leading to increased productivity is the fundamental source of increasing wealth in an economy. Those who are directly responsible for application of the innovation are often called pioneers in their field, whether they are individuals or organizations. In organizations A convenient definition of innovation from an organizational perspective is given by Luecke and Katz (2003), who wrote: Innovation . . . is generally understood as the successful introduction of a new thing or method . . . Innovation is the embodiment, combination, or synthesis of knowledge in original, relevant, valued new products, processes, or services. Innovation typically involves creativity, but is not identical to it: innovation involves acting on the creative ideas to make some specific and tangible difference in the domain in which the innovation occurs. For example, Amabile et al. (1996) propose: All innovation begins with creative ideas . . . We define innovation as the successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization. In this view, creativity by individuals and teams is a starting point for innovation; the first is necessary but not sufficient condition for the second. For innovation to occur, something more than the generation of a creative idea or insight is required: the insight must be put into action to make a genuine difference, resulting for example in new or altered business processes within the organization, or changes in the products and services provided. Innovation, like many business functions, is a management process that requires specific tools, rules, and discipline. From this point of view emphasis is moved from the introduction of specific novel and useful ideas to the general organizational processes and procedures for generating, considering, and acting on such insights leading to significant organizational improvements in terms of improved or new business products, services, or internal processes. In the organizational context, innovation may be linked to performance and growth through improvements in efficiency, productivity, quality, competitive positioning, market share, etc. All organizations can innovate, including for example hospitals, universities, and local governments. While innovation typically adds value, innovation may also have a negative or destructive effect as new developments clear away or change old organizational forms and practices. Organizations that do not innovate effectively may be destroyed by those that do. Hence innovation typically involves risk. A key challenge in innovation is maintaining a balance between process and product innovations where process innovations tend to involve a business model which may develop shareholder satisfaction through improved efficiencies while product innovations develop customer support however at the risk of costly RD that can erode shareholder return. Innovation can be described as the result of some amount of time and effort into researching an idea, plus some larger amount of time and effort into developing this idea, plus some very large amount of time and effort into commercializing this idea into a market place with customers. Joseph Schumpeter defined economic innovation in The Theory of Economic Development, 1934, Harvard University Press, Boston. The introduction of a new good that is one with which consumers are not yet familiar or of a new quality of a good. The introduction of a new method of production, which need by no means be founded upon a discovery scientifically new, and can also exist in a new way of handling a commodity commercially. The opening of a new market, that is a market into which the particular branch of manufacture of the country in question has not previously entered, whether or not this market has existed before. The conquest of a new source of supply of raw materials or half-manufactured goods, again irrespective of whether this source already exists or whether it has first to be created. The carrying out of the new organization of any industry, like the creation of a monopoly position (for example through trustification) or the breaking up of a monopoly position Whether innovation is mainly supply-pushed (based on new technological possibilities) or demand-led (based on social needs and market requirements) has been a hotly debated topic. Similarly, what exactly drives innovation in organizations and economies remains an open question. Programs of organizational innovation are typically tightly linked to organizational goals and objectives, to the business plan, and to market competitive positioning. One driver for innovation programs in corporations is to achieve growth objectives. As Davila et al. (2006) note, Companies cannot grow through cost reduction and reengineering alone Innovation is the key element in providing aggressive top-line growth, and for increasing bottom-line results (p.6) In general, business organizations spend a significant amount of their turnover on innovation, such as making changes to their established products, processes and services. The amount of investment can vary from as low as a half a percent of turnover for organizations with a low rate of change to anything over twenty percent of turnover for organizations with a high rate of change. The average investment across all types of organizations is four percent. For an organization with a turnover of one billion units, this would represent an investment of forty million units. This budget will typically be spread across various functions including marketing, product design, information systems, manufacturing systems and quality assurance. The investment may vary by industry and by market positioning. The latest index was published in March 2009. To rank the countries, the study measured both innovation inputs and outputs. Innovation inputs included government and fiscal policy, education policy and the innovation environment. Outputs included patents, technology transfer, and other RD results; business performance, such as labor productivity and total shareholder returns; and the impact of innovation on business migration and economic growth. SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMEs) IN INDIA With the advent of planned economy from 1951 and the subsequent industrial policy followed by Government of India, both planners and Government earmarked special role for small-scale industries and medium scale industries in the Indian economy. Due protection was accorded to both sectors, and particularly for small scale industries from 1951 to 1991, till the nation adopted a policy of liberalization and globalization. Certain products were reserved for small-scale units for a long time, though this list of products is decreasing due to change in industrial policies and climate. SMEs always represented the model of socio-economic policies of Government of India which emphasized judicious use of foreign exchange for import of capital goods and inputs; labour intensive mode of production; employment generation; non concentration of diffusion of economic power in the hands of few (as in the case of big houses); discouraging monopolistic practices of production and marketing; and finally effective contribution to foreign exchange earning of the nation with low import-intensive operations. It was also coupled with the policy of de-concentration of industrial activities in few geographical centers. It can be observed that by and large, SMEs in India met the expectations of the Government in this respect. SMEs developed in a manner, which made it possible for them to achieve the following objectives: High contribution to domestic production Significant export earnings Low investment requirements Operational flexibility Location wise mobility Low intensive imports Capacities to develop appropriate indigenous technology Import substitution Contribution towards defense production Technology oriented industries Competitiveness in domestic and export markets At the same time one has to understand the limitations of SMEs. In spite of these limitations, the SMEs have made significant contribution towards technological development and exports. SMEs have been established in almost all-major sectors in the Indian industry such as: Food Processing Agricultural Inputs Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Engineering; Electricals; Electronics Electro-medical equipment Textiles and Garments Leather and leather goods Bio-engineering Sports goods Plastics products Computer Software, etc As a result of globalization and liberalization, coupled with WTO regime, Indian SMEs have been passing through a transitional period. With slowing down of Economy in India and abroad, particularly USA and European Union and enhanced competition from China and a few low cost centers of production from abroad many units have been facing a tough time. Those SMEs who have strong technological base, international business outlook, competitive spirit and willingness to restructure themselves shall withstand the present challenges and come out with shining colors to make their own contribution to the Indian economy. FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Present Status and Future Prospects of Indian Food Processing Industries As per the Ministry of Food Processing Industry as data source, the food processing sector is highly fragmented industry, it widely comprises of the following sub-segments: fruits and vegetables, milk and milk products, beer and alcoholic beverages, meat and poultry, marine products, grain processing, packaged or convenience food and packaged drinks. A huge number of entrepreneurs in this industry are small in terms of their production and operations, and are largely concentrated in the unorganized segment. This segment accounts for more than 70% of the output in terms of volume and 50% in terms of value. Though the organized sector seems comparatively small, it is growing at a much faster pace. Indias Position in Worlds Production Largest producer of milk in the world (105 million tonnes per annum) Largest livestock population(485 million tonnes per annum) Second largest producer of fruits vegetables (150 million tonnes per annum) Third largest producer of food grain (230 million tonnes per annum) Third largest producer of fish (7 million tonnes per annum) 52% cultivable land compared to 11% world average All 15 major climates in the world exist in India 46 out of 60 soil types exist in India 20 agri-climatic regions Key Growth Drivers of Food Processing Sector in India Increasing spending on health and nutritional foods. Increasing number of nuclear families and working women Changing lifestyle Functional foods, fresh or processed foods Organized retail and private label penetration Changing demographics and rising disposable incomes Key Opportunities in Food processing Sector Processable varieties of crop Contract farming Investments in infrastructure through Public Private partnership (PPP) Mega Food parks Integrated cold chain Food safety Management Systems Key segments in the food processing industry Fruits vegetable processing Fruits and vegetables is one of the most important and fast growing sub-sectors of the food processing sector. Over the last few years, there has been a positive growth in ready-to-serve beverages, fruit juices and pulps, dehydrated and frozen fruits and vegetable products, tomato products, pickles, convenience vegspice pastes, processed mushrooms and curried vegetables reasons being increase in consumption by nuclear families, working women, students and single employees staying alone. There are abundant investments opportunities are there in expanding the export market. An increasing acceptance of new products with market development efforts has been witnessed lately given the fact that there is a good international demand for certain fruits and vegetable products. The Indian food processing industry is primarily export oriented. Indias geographical situation gives it the unique advantage of connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia and Korea. In 2008-09, Indias export of fresh fruit and vegetable was estimated at US$ 0.79 billion and in case of processed fruits and vegetables it stood at US$ 0.68 billion. Meat Processing In meat and meat processing sector, poultry meat is the fastest growing animal protein in India. The estimated production of meat was 6.5 million tonnes during 2007-08. India exports more than 500,000 million tonnes of meat of which major share is buffalo meat. Buffalo meat production during 2008-09 is estimated at 2.8 million tonnes and out of this about 21% is exported. Indian buffalo meat is witnessing strong demand in international markets due to its lean character and its near organic nature. India is the 6th largest exporter of bovine meat in the world. In 2008-09, Indias export of meat products (including buffalo meat, sheep/goat meat, poultry products, animal casings and processed meat) stood at U$ 1.25 billion. Dairy processing India is number one milk producing country in the world with an estimated production of 105 million tonnes in comparison to world milk production of 693 million tonnes during 2007-08.Buffalo milk is estimated to account for 57% of the total milk production in India. India has a unique pattern of production, processing and marketing/consumption of milk, which is not comparable with any large milk producing country. Approximately 70 million rural households in the country are engaged in milk production. Over 11 million farmers are organized into about 0.1 million village Dairy Cooperative Societies (DCS). About 35% of milk produced in India is processed. The organized sector (large scale dairy plants) processes about 13 million tonnes annually, while the unorganized sector processes about 22 million tonnes per annum. In 2008-09, export of dairy products was estimated at US$ 0.21 billion. Fisheries Sector In India nearly 10 million people, living in 4,000 coastal villages and more number of interior villages, depend on fisheries sector. The export of marine products has steadily grown over the years from a mere US$ 0.84 million in 1961-62 to US$ 1,849.08 million in 2008-09. Marine products account for approximately 1.1 % of the total exports from India. Frozen shrimp continued to be the single largest item of export in terms of value accounting for about 44% in the total export earnings. In terms of quantity, fish accounted for the major share at 40% (shrimp 21%).European Union (EU) was the largest market during the year 2008-09 with a percentage share of 32.6% followed by China 14.8%, Japan 14.6% , USA 11.9%, South East Asia 10%, Middle East 5.5% and Other Countries 10.6%. Grain processing sector India during the year 2007-08, accounted for 8.73% of the worlds oilseed production of 7.63%; 7.31% of the worlds oil meal production of 6.74%; 7.53% of the worlds meal export of 6.78%; 6.03% of the worlds oil production of 5.86%; 9.22% of world oil imports of 9.58% and 9.33% of the worlds oil consumption of 9.28%. On the export front, export of oil meals, oilseeds, minor oils (fats) and castor oil during the financial year 2007-08 is reported at 62.6 lakh tonnes valued at US$ 2.32 billion against the exports of 58.9 lakh tonnes valued at US$ 1.39 billion in the previous year. The solvent extraction processing of oilseed, oilcakes and rice bran during 2007-08 is reported at 121.2 lakh. However, the overall production of solvent extracted oils during 2007-08 form rice bran, oilcakes minor oilseeds and soybean is reported at 19.4 lakh tonnes. Consumer food industries Consumer food industry includes pasta, breads, cakes, pastries, rusks, buns, rolls, noodles, corn flakes, rice flakes, ready-to-eat and ready-to-cook products, biscuits etc. Bread and biscuits constitute the largest segment of consumer foods. Indias biscuits industry is the largest among all the food industries and has a turnover of around US$ 0.64 billion. India is known to be the second largest manufacturer of biscuits, the first being USA. Indian consumer food industry is classified under two sectors: organized and unorganized. Bread and biscuits are the major part of the bakery industry and cover around 80 percent of the total bakery products in India. Biscuits stand at a higher value and production level than bread. This belongs to the unorganized sector of the bakery industry and covers over 70% of the total production. Major Players in Indian Food processing: ITC Limited Parle Products Pvt. Ltd. Agro Tech Foods Amul Perfetti India Ltd. Cadbury India Ltd. PepsiCo India Holdings Nestle India Pvt. Ltd. Britannia Industries Ltd. Hindustan Lever Limited Milkfood MTR Foods Limited Godrej Industries Limited Gits Food Products Pvt. Ltd. Dabur India Ltd. Unilever Conagra Foods Nissin Foods Walmart Venkys Foreign Direct Policy in Food processing Industry: 100% FDI is allowed under automatic route in food processing industry and food infrastructure including food parks, distillation brewing of alcohol, cold storage chain and warehousing. The total inflow of Foreign Direct Investment in food processing sector during the last five years since April 2004-March 2009 is US$ 409.41 million. Future Outlook: Indian food industry expected to grow to US$ 280 billion by 2015 and generate an additional employment for approximately 8.2 million people. Also, food consumption in India is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 5.32 % by 2013.Futher, it is expected that processed food output will grow at a strong 7 % CAGR in terms of value from 55.6 billion US$ in 2005 to 95.6 billion US$ in 2013. Foreign Direct Investment in Food Processing Industry: The total inflow of FDI in FPI sector during the last five years since April 2004-March 2009 is Rs 1892.02 crore. Key Dimensions of Growth Strengths in Food Processing India has plenty of natural resources that provide it a competitive advantage in the food processing industry. Due to its unlike climatic conditions, it has a wide ranging and large raw material base appropriate for food processing industries. The semi processed and ready to eat packaged food segment is comparatively new and constantly changing. Indias cost advantage in manpower can be used to set up large low cost production bases for domestic and export markets. If one is to add on significant investments that have come into the country, food processing industry is in a favorable position. Research The well established RD and technical expertise of Indian research institutions like Central Food Technological Research Institute, Central Institute of Fisheries, National Dairy Research Institute, National Research and Development Centre etc have been a great support for food processing sector in India. Government Regulations The government has introduced several steps to enhance the growth of food processing industry. In order to further enhance investment in the food processing industry, several policy initiatives have been initiated in the recent past. The initiatives include Full repatriation of profits and capital. Immediate approvals for foreign investments up to 100 per cent. Import duty would be zero for 100 per cent export oriented units. Reduction in customs duty on packaging machines. Income tax rebate granted (100 per cent of profits for 5 year and 25 per cent of profits for next 5 years) for upcoming industries like fruits and vegetables. Government gives financial aid for establishing common facilities in Agro Food Park. Full duty exemption on all imports for units in export processing zones. Processing Technology At present most of the processing in India is manual. Usage of Technology like pre cooling facilities for vegetables, controlled atmospheric storage and irradiation facilities is very negligible. Modernizing and bringing in state of the art technology should be given paramount importance by both existing and upcoming manufacturers. Supply Chain Management According to estimates nearly 20 to 25 per cent of the production is lost during various stages of cultivation. Adding to this factor are issues like poor quality of seeds, planting material and sub standard technology in increasing productivity. Hence there is an urgent need for backward linkages with the farmers with the help of techniques like contract farming to improve the quality of the produce. Contract Farming It is nothing but an agreement between the food processor (contractor) who would mostly be a very big organized investor and the farmer, where the farmer is under contractual agreement to plant the contractors crop in his land, The farmer also agrees to cultivate and deliver to the contractor a portion of the produce, calculated on the basis of expected yield and contracted land usage at a pre determined price. The contractor also provides technology and training to the farmer. This is a tremendous advantage to both the farmer and contractor. It guarantees to the farmer a regular source of income and guarantees qualitative output for the contractor. Product Innovation In the case of certain processed food like snack foods, the customer would look for innovation, new varieties and brand loyalty. Neat and attractive packaging would also help by making the product more visible. Another factor to be given due importance is the pricing. Consumers are extremely price sensitive and due attention should be given to this factor. Future Trends It is believed that the food processing industry can do to the rural economy what the information technology industry has done for urban India. The Indian food processing industry is forecasted to grow at 9% to 12% in the coming years. The industry has set a goal of increasing its share in the global processed food trade from 1.6% to 3% within the next 8 years. India having an advantage of a strong agricultural base should tap this potential favorably and become a preferred sourcing destination for food products globally. Key outcomes The fruit and vegetable processing industry in India is highly decentralized. A large number of units are in the cottage/home scale and small scale sector, having small capacities upto 250 tonnes/annum though big Indian and multinational companies have capacities in the range of 30 tonnes per hour or so. The prominent processed items are fruit pulps and juices, fruit based ready-to-serve beverages, canned fruits and vegetables, jams, squashes, pickles, chutneys and dehydrated vegetables. More recently, products like frozen pulps and vegetables, frozen dried fruits and vegetables, fruit juice concentrates and vegetable curries in restorable pouches, canned mushroom and mushroom products have been taken up for manufacture by the industry. The processing level in India is estimated to be around 2%, as compared to about 80% in Malaysia, 30% in Thailand, and 60-70% in the UK and USA. Indias share in the world trade of horticultural processed products too, is miniscule less than 1 per cent. This compares very unfavorably with countries like Malaysia (83%), Philippines (78%), Brazil (70%) and US (70%). Indias major exports are in fruit pulp, pickles, chutneys, canned fruits and vegetables, concentrated pulps and juices, dehydrated vegetables and frozen fruits and vegetables. Supply chain efficiencies together with a focused approach to enhance exports are the key to ensure that India is able to successfully tap new product/market opportunities. India has the potential to achieve a 3% share in the world trade of agricultural and food products by 2015. Key Achievements India is the worlds second largest producer of food next to China, and has the potential of being the biggest with the food and agricultural sector. The total food production in India is likely to double in the next ten years and there is an opportunity for large investments in food and food processing technologies, skills and equipment, especially in areas of Canning, Dairy and Food Processing, Specialty Processing, Packaging, Frozen Food/Refrigeration and Thermo Processing. Fruits Vegetables, Fisheries, Milk Milk Products, Meat Poultry, Packaged/Convenience Foods, Alcoholic Beverages Soft Drinks and Grains are important sub-sectors of the food processing industry. Health food and health food supplements is another rapidly rising segment of this industry which is gaining vast popularity amongst the health conscious. India is one of the worlds major food producers but accounts for less than 1.5 per cent of international food trade. This indicates vast scope for both investors and exporters. Food exports in 1998 stood at US $5.8 billion whereas the world total was US $438 billion. The Indian food industries sales turnover is Rs 140,000 crore (1 crore = 10 million) annually as at the start of year 2000. The industry has the highest number of plants approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) outside the USA. The food processing sector in the country with its vast potential has emerged as one of the major driver of economic growth. It is encouraging to note that while the countrys GDP growth rate had increase from 3.5 per cent in 2002-03 to 9 percent in 2006-07; the food processing sector has grown from 7 per cent to 13.1 per cent during the same period. India is a country of over 1.10 billion consumers, there is a large untapped domestic market of 1,000 million consumers in the food processing sector and 200 million more consumers are expected to shift to processed food by 2010. Case Study: Mrs. Bector Cremica Group Three decades ago in 1978 when Mrs. Bector had established a small enterprise, today known as Cremica Group a $90 Million company, is flagship bearer in food retailing and food services industry. Company is exporting to 50 countries including Africa, the USA, UK and the Middle East. Cremica Group included Cremica Frozen Foods, EBI Foods, Mrs. Bectors Desserts and Cremica Agro India. Its products include biscuits, sauces, bread spreads, ready to eat curries and syrups catering to the needs of the food processing industry that seems to be one of the reasons of its being the largest player in food services business in India. Since 1996 Cremica has been supplying buns, ketchups and toppings to McDonalds its key business partner. It has also partnered with Cadburys ITC and EBI Foods, a UK based firm. Its clientele today includes some of the premier names of the food processing industry like Cafe Coffee Day, Taj Group of Hotels, Spencer, Pizza Corner, Pizza Hut, Dominos, Jet Airways, Air India, Big Bazar, Spencer, Barista and HUL. As a companys policy to assists its customers succeed in the marketplace by helping them develop new products, substitute ingredients with local alternatives and reformulate existing products, company had came a long way. The companys value proposition lies in the fact that it can deliver better quality products at the same price. Its core competence in this business arises from its extensive product development and RD capabilities, its team of experienced food technologists and its plants, which are specifically designed for food service applications. Company had been innovative and rejuvenating its existing products with launch of products and services in India and Internationally. For example their sauces are being exported to Australia. In 2009 they launched a new range of chip-dips and bread spread in the ethnic Indian range and these are going abroad to a number of countries. Earlier, company was producing liquid condiments like sauces, Mayonnaise, Toppings and Syrups with its partner company, the erstwhile Quaker Oats Inc of the United States, but in 1999, Quaker Oats withdrew from the joint venture. Cremicas liquid condiments and biscuits are very popular. Cremicas automated biscuit plant has a monthly capacity of producing 10,000 tonnes of biscuits. Its dominant role in the biscuits segment arises from its excellent quality, widespread distribution and extended range. Almost all the divisions of the company are growing fast. With the positive response from the market the

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Operation Deliberate Force By SSG Barker, Russell J. ALC Class 018-14 SFC Franklin Barker, Russell J. 13F ALC Class 018-14 14 March 2014 Operation Deliberate Force The idea of a humanitarian war or going to war in pursuit of a humanitarian effort is an ambiguous idea. From an outsider’s point of view it can seem like a self-serving mission or even some crazy form of moral or immoral self-deception. Yet, in war strategies, humanitarian efforts are widely distributed through all aspects of our art of war such as the Geneva conventions. In operation deliberate force the theory of air strikes came to be the most humane effort in that of shortening the war as well as bringing the amount of innocent suffering to a minimum. Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the south east region of Europe, in the Balkan Peninsula. It borders with the Republic of Croatia in the north, west and southwest and with Serbia and Montenegro in the east and south. The Ivan Sedlo saddle (much like a valley) found between the mountains Bitovnje and BjelaÃ… ¡nica connects the two major wholes of the country, the more populated and abundant in forests and land, Bosnia in the north and the smaller, rocky Herzegovina in the south. There is a natural border of mountains between Bosnia and Herzegovina. Herzegovina is actually quite small barely making up ten percent of the population of the entire country. Most of Bosnia is hilly and mountainous and there is almost no area less than one hundred and fifty meters above sea level. Bosnia is not a country abundant in many different water sources; it contains a few large rivers and only few lakes. Of the countries making up the former Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzego... ...ion. There were many sides to this Bosnian civil war; each of the three cultures in this territorial conflict had their own justifiable reasoning behind the events that took place throughout the long ordeal. Yet it was easily brought to an end once NATO and the United Nations decided to take a more aggressive role with their presence. The Serbians who were the main antagonist throughout this war thought they were much more militarily inclined than they actually were therefore when just a small amount of air strikes were implemented by NATO it occurred to them that they should probably quit while they still could. Operation Deliberate Force in my opinion, proves how effective air support can be, and how efficient it is at bringing all things conflict related to an end much quicker than ground battle, and with much less casualties, both civilian and military, at that.